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當(dāng)含有細(xì)小顆粒的懸浮液靜置不動(dòng)時(shí)，由于重力場的作用使得懸浮的顆粒逐漸下沉。粒子越重，下沉越快，反之密度比液體小的粒子就會上浮。微粒在重力場下移動(dòng)的速度與微粒的大小、形態(tài)和密度有關(guān)，并且又與重力場的強(qiáng)度及液體的粘度有關(guān)。象紅血球大小的顆粒，直徑為數(shù)微米，就可以在通常重力作用下觀察到它們的沉降過程。
湘潭離心機(jī) 創(chuàng)新離心機(jī)制造有限公司提供參考：

When the suspending liquid containing fine particles is not moved, the suspended particles are gradually sinking due to the action of the gravitational field. The heavier the particle, the faster the sinking, and the smaller particles will float on the contrary. The velocity of particles moving in the gravitational field is related to the size, shape and density of particles, and is related to the strength of gravity field and the viscosity of the liquid. Particles, such as the size of the red blood cells, can be a few microns in diameter, and they can be observed under normal gravity.

      此外，物質(zhì)在介質(zhì)中沉降時(shí)還伴隨有擴(kuò)散現(xiàn)象。擴(kuò)散是無條件的絕對的。擴(kuò)散與物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量成反比，顆粒越小擴(kuò)散越嚴(yán)重。而沉降是相對的，有條件的，要受到外力才能運(yùn)動(dòng)。沉降與物體重量成正比，顆粒越大沉降越快。對小于幾微米的微粒如病毒或蛋白質(zhì)等，它們在溶液中成膠體或半膠體狀態(tài)，僅僅利用重力是不可能觀察到沉降過程的。因?yàn)轭w粒越小沉降越慢，而擴(kuò)散現(xiàn)象則越嚴(yán)重。所以需要利用離心機(jī)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的離心力，才能迫使這些微�？朔䲠U(kuò)散產(chǎn)生沉降運(yùn)動(dòng)。
In addition, the material in the medium is also accompanied by the deposition of the phenomenon of diffusion. Diffusion is unconditional absolute. Diffusion is inversely proportional to the mass of matter, and the smaller the particle is, the more serious the diffusion is. And the settlement is relative, conditional, to be subject to external force to exercise. The settlement is proportional to the weight of the object, and the bigger the particle, the faster the settlement. For particles less than a few microns, such as viruses or proteins, they are in the solution of a colloidal or semi colloidal state, the only use of gravity is not possible to observe the settlement process. Because the smaller the settling of particles is, the more serious the diffusion phenomenon is. Therefore, it is necessary to use the centrifuge to produce a strong centrifugal force, in order to force these particles to overcome the proliferation of the settlement movement.

     離心就是利用離心機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子高速旋轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)生的強(qiáng)大的離心力，加快液體中顆粒的沉降速度，把樣品中不同沉降系數(shù)和浮力密度的物質(zhì)分離開。

Centrifuge is the use of centrifugal rotor high-speed rotation of the strong centrifugal force, to speed up the settling velocity of particles in the liquid, the sample in the different sedimentation coefficient and the buoyancy of the density of material points to leave.